Etc. Command

View Help

You can examine the functions of each command and option using the help command

# View all commands provided by Git
$ git help -all

# View all options available for a specific command
$ git [command] -help

Setup and Initialization

Initialize a Repository or clone an existing Repository

# Create a Git repository based on the current directory
$ git init

# Clone a remote Repository to a local Repository through URL
$ git clone [url]

Stage & Commit

You can commit using the stage area

# Check modified files in the current directory for the next commit
$ git status

# Add files for the next commit (stage)
$ git add [file]

# Unstage added files: changes are maintained
$ git reset [file]

# Show unstaged changes
$ git diff

# Show changes that are staged but not committed
$ git diff --staged

# Commit staged content with a message (create snapshot)
$ git commit -m "[descriptive message]"

Comparison and Inspection

You can inspect logs and changes

# Show all commit history of branchA that's not in branchB
$ git log branchB..branchA

# Display all commits containing changes to that file (also shows file name changes)
$ git log --follow [file]

# Show the change content (diff) of what's in branchA but not in branchB (compare states between branches)
$ git diff branchB...branchA

Share and Update

You can search for updates in a specific Repository and update the local Repository

# Add a specific remote Repository through url with an alias
$ git remote add [alias] [url]

# Fetch all branches and data from the remote Repository added with an alias to local
$ git fetch [alias]

# Merge the remote branch with the currently working branch to make it up to date
$ git merge [alias]/[branch]

# Send commits from the local branch to the remote branch
$ git push [alias] [branch]

# Fetch information from the remote Repository and automatically merge it into the local branch
$ git pull

History Modification

You can modify branches or commits or delete commit history

# Apply commits after a specific branch's fork to the currently working branch
$ git rebase [branch]

# Go back to before a specific commit and erase all staged changes
$ git reset --hard [commitish]

Temporary Storage

You can temporarily store modified or tracked files to switch branches

# Temporarily store modified or staged changes on the stack and remove them from current work history
$ git stash

# Show a list of changes temporarily stored on the stack
$ git stash list

# Apply changes temporarily stored on the stack back to the current work history
$ git stash apply

# Apply changes temporarily stored on the stack back to the current work history and delete from the stack
$ git stash pop

# Delete changes temporarily stored on the stack
$ git stash drop